{"id":9156,"date":"2020-04-18T22:00:27","date_gmt":"2020-04-18T20:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/?p=9156"},"modified":"2020-04-18T22:01:55","modified_gmt":"2020-04-18T20:01:55","slug":"o-nadeji-v-beznadeji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/?p=9156","title":{"rendered":"O nad\u011bji v beznad\u011bji"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

O nad\u011bji v beznad\u011bji knihy Job<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hled\u00e1me-li t\u00e9ma nad\u011bje v knize Job, je dobr\u00e9 si nejd\u0159\u00edve kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edstavit, jak je kniha naps\u00e1na. Velkou \u010d\u00e1st tvo\u0159\u00ed rozhovory mezi Jobem a t\u0159emi \u201ep\u0159\u00e1teli\u201c. P\u0159\u00e1tele d\u00e1v\u00e1m do uvozovek, proto\u017ee z jejich slov se z\u00e1hy uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee toto ozna\u010den\u00ed jim p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom je mohli naz\u00fdvat sp\u00ed\u0161e Jobovi zn\u00e1m\u00ed. Ti se ve sv\u00fdch \u0159e\u010dech st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed. Jako prvn\u00ed v\u017edy mluv\u00ed El\u00edfaz, po n\u011bm n\u00e1sleduje Bildad a nakonec se ke slovu hl\u00e1s\u00ed S\u00f3far. Cyklus promluv zn\u00e1m\u00fdch k Jobovi se odehraje v knize celkem t\u0159ikr\u00e1t. Na ka\u017edou jejich jednotlivou \u0159e\u010d Job n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem reaguje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9ma nad\u011bje se objevuje v knize v\u00fdhradn\u011b v t\u011bchto dialoz\u00edch (a\u017e na jednu v\u00fdjimku: Job 41,1). Nejlep\u0161\u00ed proto bude, kdy\u017e srovn\u00e1me \u0159e\u010di o nad\u011bji, zazn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed z \u00fast p\u0159\u00e1tel, s t\u00edm, co o nad\u011bji \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 samotn\u00fd Job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd z Jobov\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch t\u00e9ma nad\u011bje zmi\u0148uje v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed \u0159e\u010di. Ve druh\u00e9 a t\u0159et\u00ed u\u017e o nad\u011bji z jejich \u00fast nepadne ani zm\u00ednka. T\u00e9ma je vy\u010derp\u00e1no hned v po\u010d\u00e1tku. Jakoby se Job, \u010d\u00edm d\u00e9le s n\u00edm mluv\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce st\u00e1val beznad\u011bjn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem. Jobe, promi\u0148, ale pochopili jsme, \u017ee mluvit s Tebou o nad\u011bji u\u017e nem\u00e1 smysl. Zkusili jsme to napoprv\u00e9. Ale zmi\u0148ovat tohle t\u00e9ma v tv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nem\u00e1 smysl. Sorry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u00edvejme se alespo\u0148 na ty prvn\u00ed \u0159e\u010di. Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00ed o nad\u011bji, kdy\u017e maj\u00ed mo\u017enost trp\u00edc\u00edho Joba poprv\u00e9 oslovit na smeti\u0161ti (4,6; 5,16; 8,13; 11,18.20). Kdy\u017e to shrneme: Jobe, s tvou bez\u00fahonnost\u00ed to asi nebude tak slavn\u00e9, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u0161? Jobe, cos to p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi skr\u00fdval? Jako se vytratila tv\u00e1 bohabojnost tak se vytratila i tv\u00e1 nad\u011bje. Jobe, jdi do sebe a rad\u0161i u\u017e nic ne\u0159\u00edkej. Rad\u011bji se pou\u010d z moudrosti p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00ed. Jobe, p\u0159iznej svou bezbo\u017enost. P\u0159iznej, \u017ee jsi na Boha zapomn\u011bl. Pokud to neud\u011bl\u00e1\u0161, zbude ti jen jedna jedin\u00e1 nad\u011bje: \u017ee brzy vychladne\u0161. Jobe, dej si \u0159\u00edct a jdi do sebe. Jinak pro Tebe \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nad\u011bje nen\u00ed.<\/em> Tolik ve zkratce styl, kter\u00fdm mluv\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00ed s Jobem o nad\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co na to Job?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Job v podstat\u011b o nad\u011bji v\u016fbec nemluv\u00ed. Jeho t\u00e9ma je beznad\u011bje. S t\u00edm se vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 postupn\u011b. Nejd\u0159\u00edve (6,8; 7,6) \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, \u017ee jedinou jeho nad\u011bj\u00ed je okam\u017eik, kdy ho B\u016fh kone\u010dn\u011b nadobro zni\u010d\u00ed. Kdy u\u017e ho nebude d\u00e1l tr\u00e1pit. Pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 bezesn\u00e9 noci. Jeho dny zej\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnotou beznad\u011bje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158e\u010di p\u0159\u00e1tel za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed l\u00e9zt Jobovi z\u00e1hy krkem. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 je ukrutn\u00fdmi ut\u011b\u0161iteli (16,2). A proto postupem \u010dasu, jak rozhovor plyne, se Job n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t od p\u0159\u00e1tel odvr\u00e1t\u00ed a za\u010dne mluvit s Bohem. T\u00e9ma z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u2013 beznad\u011bje. Ale tentokr\u00e1t je adresov\u00e1no Bohu. Job vn\u00edm\u00e1 Boha jako toho, kdo jej o nad\u011bji nen\u00e1vratn\u011b p\u0159ipravil. V modlitb\u011b si nebere serv\u00edtky, kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 (14,7.19): Tys m\u011b zbavil ve\u0161ker\u00e9 nad\u011bje. I ten strom je na tom l\u00edp ne\u017e j\u00e1. M\u00e1 v\u00edce nad\u011bje ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk. <\/em>Bo\u017ee, zni\u010dils mou nad\u011bji, jako kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00edval p\u016fdu odval\u00ed.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto, \u017ee mu B\u016fh p\u0159ipad\u00e1 jako jeho nep\u0159\u00edtel, obrac\u00ed se k n\u011bmu paradoxn\u011b jako ke sv\u00e9mu jedin\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edmluvci. B\u016fh je protivn\u00edk, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 jedin\u00e1 instance, ke kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 smysl je\u0161t\u011b volat. Job \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 (16,19.20): M\u00e1m sv\u011bdka v nebi pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f, tam naho\u0159e m\u00e1m sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edmluvce. Kdy\u017e se mi vysm\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, k Bohu p\u0159es slzy d\u00edv\u00e1m se.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do Jobovy beznad\u011bje za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pomalu sv\u00edtat. M\u016f\u017eeme sledovat jeho postupnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed prom\u011bnu. V z\u00e1v\u011bru jedn\u00e9 z jeho modliteb se mu st\u00e1v\u00e1 nad\u011bje bl\u00edzkou spole\u010dnic\u00ed. Job nad\u011bji personifikuje – zosob\u0148uje. Mluv\u00ed o n\u00ed jako o bl\u00edzk\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e1 s n\u00edm sestoup\u00ed do hrobu (17,16). Je to nad\u011bje um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s n\u00edm, ale bl\u00edzk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to z\u00e1pas. Z\u00e1pas o nad\u011bji v beznad\u011bji. Z\u00e1blesk sv\u011btla op\u011bt p\u0159ehlu\u0161\u00ed temnota. Za p\u00e1r okam\u017eik\u016f u\u017e zase \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Job o Bohu: Ze v\u0161ech stran m\u011b bo\u0159\u00ed, abych za\u0161el, vyvr\u00e1til mou nad\u011bji jako strom.<\/em> (19,10). <\/em>Aby v t\u00e9\u017ee kapitole vyslovil sv\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry: M\u016fj Vykupitel \u017eije, to jedno v\u00edm, a \u017ee nakonec se nad prachem postav\u00ed. (19,25) <\/em>P\u0159es v\u0161echnu beznad\u011bji Job v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Vykupitel se postav\u00ed nad prachem jeho t\u011bla i nad prachem jeho sp\u00e1len\u00fdch nad\u011bj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u00ed Jobova zm\u00ednka (27,8) o nad\u011bji je op\u011bt adresov\u00e1na jeho zn\u00e1m\u00fdm. T\u011bch se pt\u00e1: Jakou nad\u011bji na zisk m\u00e1 rouha\u010d, vezme-li mu B\u016fh \u017eivot?<\/em> <\/em>V t\u011bsn\u00e9m kontextu tohoto v\u00fdroku Job z\u00e1sadn\u011b trv\u00e1 na sv\u00e9 bez\u00fahonnosti. Obhajuje sv\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 sv\u011bdom\u00ed. Trv\u00e1 na sv\u00e9 nevin\u011b. Naopak prohla\u0161uje p\u0159\u00e1tele za zlosyny, b\u00edd\u00e1ky a sv\u00e9voln\u00edky. To pro V\u00e1s nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nad\u011bje! Ale pro Joba ano \u2013 i kdyby zem\u0159el a jeho nad\u011bje s n\u00edm\u2026 nad jeho \u017eivotem a nad jeho nad\u011bj\u00ed se B\u016fh jednou postav\u00ed. Vzk\u0159\u00eds\u00ed z prachu jej i jeho nad\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e do\u010dteme knihu Job a\u017e do konce, dozv\u00edme se rozuzlen\u00ed. Zde se rozhodne po dlouh\u00e9m ml\u010den\u00ed promluvit B\u016fh. Jobovu \u0159e\u010d \u2013 Job\u016fv z\u00e1pas o nad\u011bji v beznad\u011bji pochv\u00e1l\u00ed. Takto se vede z\u00e1pas o nad\u011bji. P\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 se sv\u00fdmi \u0159e\u010dmi mohou ve sv\u011btle Bo\u017e\u00edho rozsudku blednout z\u00e1vist\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kniha Job n\u00e1s zve k tomu, abychom sv\u016fj z\u00e1pas o nad\u011bji v beznad\u011bji \u017eili v Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Abychom jej \u017eili v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti toho, kdo n\u00e1s n\u011bkdy o nad\u011bji p\u0159ipravuje. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Job\u016fv n\u00e1s vyz\u00fdv\u00e1, abychom zp\u0159\u00edstupnili Bohu tento sv\u016fj z\u00e1pas modlitbou. To m\u00e1 hodnotu. Pro toho, kdo tak \u010din\u00ed, zazn\u00edv\u00e1 Jobovo vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry: M\u016fj Vykupitel \u017eije, to jedno v\u00edm, a \u017ee nakonec se nad prachem m\u00fdch nad\u011bj\u00ed postav\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martin Lindtner<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O nad\u011bji v beznad\u011bji knihy Job Hled\u00e1me-li t\u00e9ma nad\u011bje v knize Job, je dobr\u00e9 si nejd\u0159\u00edve kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edstavit, jak je kniha naps\u00e1na. Velkou \u010d\u00e1st tvo\u0159\u00ed rozhovory mezi Jobem a t\u0159emi \u201ep\u0159\u00e1teli\u201c. P\u0159\u00e1tele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kazani-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9156"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9160,"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9156\/revisions\/9160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karlovyvary.casd.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}